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↑ An Occasion for War, Civil Conflict in Lebanon and Damascus in 1860, Leila Tarazi Fawaz. ISBN0-520-20086-1
↑ Room, Adrian (2006). Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features and Historic Sites (ấn bản 2). McFarland. tr. 214–215. ISBN978-0-7864-2248-7.